Glycosides
Glycoside
Defination:- These are characterize as natural compound from plants and creature source, which on enzymatic hydrolysis gives at least one sugar moieties alongside anon sugar moiety.
Order:-
1) BASED ON THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF NON
SUGAR MOIETY :-
• Anthraquinone glycoside : - anthraquinone moiety is aglycon . Ex: senna
• Sterol or cardiovascular glycoside: - aglycon divide is steroid atom. Ex: digitalis
Saponine glycoside
• Cyanogentic glycoside Ex : white cherry bark
• Isothiocynate glycoside Ex: dark mustard.
• Flavonoid glycoside Ex : rutra graveolens, citrus bio flavonoid
• Coumarin glycoside or furano coumarine glycoside:- Ex : celery organic product
• Aldehyde glycoside Ex: vanilla cases
• Phenol glycoside Ex salcive Steroidal glycoside
• Glucosidal severe or various glycoside Ex salix species
2) BASED ON TE NATURE OF SUGAR MOITY:-
• Glucoside : sugar divide is glucose
• Rhamnoside : sugar divide is rhamnose
• Pentoside sugar divide is pentose
• Fructoside sugar divide is fructose
Arabinoside sugar parcel is arabinose
3) BASED ON LINKAGE BETWEEN GLYCON AND AGLYCON PORTION:-
Gracious gatherings responding with any of the accompanying cures like, OH, CN, SH, NH item in aglycon part
a) C-glycoside:-
Glycon-OH + HC – aglycon - > glycone-c-aglycon +H2O
A portion of the anthraquinone glycoside like cascaroside in cascara, aloin in aloes shows the specific linkage.
C-glycosides called as aloin type glycoside present in aloes. They don't hydrolyzed by warming with dil corrosive or salts however by oxidative hydrolysis with Fecl3. cochical contains c-glycoside through shading matter called carminoic corrosive
b) O-glycoside
They are basic in higher in plants Ex senna, rhubarb
They are hydrolyzed by treatment mind corrosive or antacid into glycon and aglycon parcel.
c) S-glycoside
They event of this glycoside is limited to isothiacyanate glycoside like sinigirin in dark mustard shaped by the buildup of sulphohydryl bunch aglycon to OH gathering of glycon.
d) N-glycoside
They most regular portrayal of this is nucleoside where the amino gathering responds with OH gathering of ribose or deoxyribose coming about into N-glycoside
4) BASED ON THERAPEUTIC NATURE OF GLYCOSIDE:-
Cardiovascular glycoside EX : Digitalis
diuretic glycoside EX : Senna
Hostile to ulcer glycoside EX : Liquorice
Severe glycoside EX : quassia wood
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1) Glycoside contains sugar yet the physical, substance and helpful action depends on aglycon parcel. Sugar works with the assimilation of the glycoside .assisting it with arriving at the site of activity
2) Glycoside are glasslike, formless substance which are dissolvable in water, and weaken liquor however in solvent in the CHCl3 and ether. The aglycon moiety is insoluble in non polar dissolvable like C6H6
3) Glycosides are effectively hydrolyzed by mineral acids, water and chemical. They show optical action regularly they are levorotatory
4) Glycoside can not lessen fehling's answer until they are hydrolyzed
5) They are accepted to works with development and assurance of plant
Disconnection OF GLYCOSIDE:-
The technique by which glycoside are disconnected is called stas-otto strategy. The medication containing glycoside is finely powdered and exposed to progressive extraction in a soxhlet device with liquor or appropriate dissolvable.
During this technique from the start take drug containing glycoside, finely powdered that, and it is removed with liquor or water by utilizing soxhlet device. After extraction, gather the concentrate and treat with lead acetic acid derivation to accelerate tannins after that channel it and to the filtrate pass H2S gas, no lead acetic acid derivation the hasten as lead sulfide as this is poisonous. Presently after the concentrate again channel.
The filtrate is exposed to fragmentary crystallization, refining or chromatography gives unadulterated segment and the concentrate sub-atomic design is dictated by the spectrophotometer, Ultra Red examines, Infra red , NMR and mass spectroscopy and so forth
• Anthraquinone glycoside : - anthraquinone moiety is aglycon . Ex: senna
• Sterol or cardiovascular glycoside: - aglycon divide is steroid atom. Ex: digitalis
Saponine glycoside
• Cyanogentic glycoside Ex : white cherry bark
• Isothiocynate glycoside Ex: dark mustard.
• Flavonoid glycoside Ex : rutra graveolens, citrus bio flavonoid
• Coumarin glycoside or furano coumarine glycoside:- Ex : celery organic product
• Aldehyde glycoside Ex: vanilla cases
• Phenol glycoside Ex salcive Steroidal glycoside
• Glucosidal severe or various glycoside Ex salix species
2) BASED ON TE NATURE OF SUGAR MOITY:-
• Glucoside : sugar divide is glucose
• Rhamnoside : sugar divide is rhamnose
• Pentoside sugar divide is pentose
• Fructoside sugar divide is fructose
Arabinoside sugar parcel is arabinose
3) BASED ON LINKAGE BETWEEN GLYCON AND AGLYCON PORTION:-
Gracious gatherings responding with any of the accompanying cures like, OH, CN, SH, NH item in aglycon part
a) C-glycoside:-
Glycon-OH + HC – aglycon - > glycone-c-aglycon +H2O
A portion of the anthraquinone glycoside like cascaroside in cascara, aloin in aloes shows the specific linkage.
C-glycosides called as aloin type glycoside present in aloes. They don't hydrolyzed by warming with dil corrosive or salts however by oxidative hydrolysis with Fecl3. cochical contains c-glycoside through shading matter called carminoic corrosive
b) O-glycoside
They are basic in higher in plants Ex senna, rhubarb
They are hydrolyzed by treatment mind corrosive or antacid into glycon and aglycon parcel.
c) S-glycoside
They event of this glycoside is limited to isothiacyanate glycoside like sinigirin in dark mustard shaped by the buildup of sulphohydryl bunch aglycon to OH gathering of glycon.
d) N-glycoside
They most regular portrayal of this is nucleoside where the amino gathering responds with OH gathering of ribose or deoxyribose coming about into N-glycoside
4) BASED ON THERAPEUTIC NATURE OF GLYCOSIDE:-
Cardiovascular glycoside EX : Digitalis
diuretic glycoside EX : Senna
Hostile to ulcer glycoside EX : Liquorice
Severe glycoside EX : quassia wood
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
1) Glycoside contains sugar yet the physical, substance and helpful action depends on aglycon parcel. Sugar works with the assimilation of the glycoside .assisting it with arriving at the site of activity
2) Glycoside are glasslike, formless substance which are dissolvable in water, and weaken liquor however in solvent in the CHCl3 and ether. The aglycon moiety is insoluble in non polar dissolvable like C6H6
3) Glycosides are effectively hydrolyzed by mineral acids, water and chemical. They show optical action regularly they are levorotatory
4) Glycoside can not lessen fehling's answer until they are hydrolyzed
5) They are accepted to works with development and assurance of plant
Disconnection OF GLYCOSIDE:-
The technique by which glycoside are disconnected is called stas-otto strategy. The medication containing glycoside is finely powdered and exposed to progressive extraction in a soxhlet device with liquor or appropriate dissolvable.
During this technique from the start take drug containing glycoside, finely powdered that, and it is removed with liquor or water by utilizing soxhlet device. After extraction, gather the concentrate and treat with lead acetic acid derivation to accelerate tannins after that channel it and to the filtrate pass H2S gas, no lead acetic acid derivation the hasten as lead sulfide as this is poisonous. Presently after the concentrate again channel.
The filtrate is exposed to fragmentary crystallization, refining or chromatography gives unadulterated segment and the concentrate sub-atomic design is dictated by the spectrophotometer, Ultra Red examines, Infra red , NMR and mass spectroscopy and so forth
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